Master of Arts (English) Literature
Aristotle’s Politics
(Art of Poetry)
The
Critical And Social Background of Aristotle
OR
Literary
Criticism Before Aristotle
OR
Plato’s
Attack On Poetry
Short Questions & Answers:
Q1.
Who's the primary focus of the textbook on the runner?
A
. Aristotle.
Q2.
What's the main content being bandied in relation to Aristotle?
A. His critical and social background.
Q3.
What other content is mentioned as being
related to Aristotle's review?
A. Plato's attack on poetry.
Q4. Who was the most important erudite critic before Aristotle?
A. Plato.
Q5. What was Plato's main thing in his erudite review? A. To educate youth and form them into good citizens.
Q6. Where can Plato's erudite review be set up?
A. In his discourses, especially Republic X.
Q7. What kind of end did Plato have in his review?
A. Utilitarian and practical points.
Q8. What was the purpose of Plato's Academy?
A . To educate unborn leaders and autocrats.
Q9. What does the textbook suggest is necessary to completely appreciate Aristotle's review?
A. Knowledge of former erudite review and the social conditions of the time.
Q10. What does the textbook call Plato's approach to poetry?
A
. An attack.
Q11.
What period of time is being bandied in the textbook?
A. Age.
Q12.
What does the textbook say about Plato's part in the history of review?
A. He marks the
capstone of one phase and the
morning of another.
Q13.
What's essential to understand
Aristotle's views according to the
textbook?
A. His views on ethics and morality.
Q14.
Why does Plato find poetry wanting?
A.A. Because he judges it from a practical,
educational viewpoint.
Q15.
What kind of men did Plato want to
produce from his Academe?
A.A. Men of well- formed personalities.
Q16.
What was the state of Athens during Plato's time according to the text?
A:
A time of political decline and dissolution.
Q17:
What role did Homer's epics play in Greek education?
A:
They were an essential part of the school curriculum.
Q18:
Why were Homer's stories criticized?
A:
They represented gods in an unfavorable light.
Q19:
How were women treated in Athenian society?
A:
They were regarded as inferior and deprived of education.
Q20:
What was the status of slaves in Athens?
A:
They were considered worthless and lower than women.
Q21:
What virtues were highly valued by the Greeks?
A:
Courage, heroism, magnificence, and skill in arms.
Q22:
What happened to Greek art and literature during this period?
A:
The creative impulse had died away, and literature became corrupt.
Q23:
What was the state of poetry in Athens at that time?
A:
It was decadent and subject to criticism.
Q24:
Who were considered the leading spirits during this period of degeneration?
A:
Philosophers and orators.
Q25:
What was the nature of the debate between philosophers and poets?
A:
They argued over their respective significance.
Q26:
What did Plato try to demonstrate through his criticism?
A:
The practical superiority of philosophy over poetry.
Q27:
How does the text describe Plato's criticism in relation to the social
conditions?
A:
It was governed by the social and political conditions of his age.
Q28:
What value does the text ascribe to Plato's criticism despite its context?
A:
It gave direction to later criticism.
Q29:
How does the text describe Plato's impact on thought?
A:
He is a great "irritant" to thought.
Q30:
What does the text say about the number of doctrines traceable to Plato?
A:
A surprising number of doctrines of antiquity can be traced to him.
Q31:
How does the text describe the quality of Plato's writings?
A:
Suggestive and stimulating, remaining unsurpassed.
Q32:
What was the state of education during this period?
A:
It was in a sorry state.
Q33:
What was the effect of degeneration on the intellectual climate?
A:
It led to heart-searching and reflection.
Q34:
What is the primary focus of Plato's criticism of poetry?
A:
Its moral implications.
Q35:
How does Plato believe poetry affects social morality?
A:
He believes it is not conducive to social morality.
Q36:
What does Plato criticize poets for doing in their narratives?
A:
Pandering to popular taste and narrating tales of man's pleasant vices.
Q37:
Why does Plato object to the portrayal of gods and heroes in poetry?
A:
He believes they are shown as corrupt and dishonest, which depraves public
taste and morality.
Q38:
What does Plato suggest about using works like Homer's in school studies?
A:
He believes they should not be prescribed for school study.
Q39:
What does Plato argue about the allegorical interpretations of poetry?
A:
He argues that the hidden meaning is beyond the reach of the young.
Q40:
According to Plato, what is the proper subject of study?
A:
Philosophy.
Q41:
How does Plato view drama compared to other forms of poetry?
A:
He considers drama even more harmful.
Q42:
What does Plato believe is the result of judgment in dramatic matters being
left to the many?
A:
Lawlessness and license in theme and expression.
Q43:
What instincts do poets and dramatists appeal to, according to Plato?
A:
The baser instincts of men, their love of the sensational and melodramatic.
Q44:
What does Plato say has replaced the old aristocracy?
A:
A "sort of evil theatocracy".
Q45:
Is Plato's criticism limited to bad literature?
A:
No, it is a criticism of poetry and all literature as such.
Q46:
What does Plato identify as inherent weaknesses of poetry?
A:
That it is not suitable for fostering wisdom and morality or developing
balanced personalities in youth.
Q47:
How does Plato describe the source of poets' inspiration?
A:
As a mysterious, non-rational kind, coming from a supernatural source outside
their personality.
Q48:
What does Plato say about the reliability of poets' pronouncements?
A:
They are unreliable and uncertain.
Q49:
Why does Plato object to drama specifically?
A:
It fosters the vulgar and morbid, leading to a "sort of evil
theatocracy."
Q50:
What is the effect of poets pandering to popular taste?
A:
It has a demoralizing effect on society.
Q51:
What is the primary lens through which Plato views poetry?
A:
Moral grounds and its impact on the individual and state.
Q52:
What does the text suggest about the source of poets' inspiration?
A:
It may cease at any moment and is considered divinely inspired.
Q53:
Why does the text argue that divinely inspired truths need careful examination?
A:
Because they are partial, imperfect, and no substitute for reason-based
knowledge.
Q54:
What is a common characteristic of poets' writings according to the text?
A:
Obscurities and contradictions.
Q55:
Why does the text question the moral and intellectual guidance of poets?
A:
Due to their emotional frenzies and lack of moral restraint.
Q56:
What does the text say about poets' ability to explain their own writings?
A:
They often cannot explain them because their frenzy is
"non-rational".
Q57:
Why does the text consider allegorical interpretations of poetry useless?
A:
Because they are beyond the reach of the young and immature.
Q58:
What type of poetry does the text exempt from being imitative?
A:
Dithyrambic (lyric) poetry.
Q59:
How does the text describe the effect of imitative poetry on the reader?
A:
It weakens and is unhealthy, enfeebling character and personality.
Q60:
What does the text suggest is easier to imitate in poetry?
A61:
The lower or baser parts of the soul, i.e., the passionate elements.
Q62:
How does the text describe the pleasure derived from imitating baser elements?
A:
It gives greater pleasure at the moment.
Q63:
What does the text say happens to reason when emotions are given full sway in
poetry?
A:
Reason is kept in abeyance.
Q64:
What effect does poetry have on emotions according to the text?
A:
It has a debilitating effect, leading to loss of balance.
Q65:
What does the text say about the role of passions in relation to reason?
A:
They should be ruled by reason, not rule over it.
Q66:
Which emotions are discussed in Republic X in the context of tragedy?
A:
Pity and grief.
Q67:
Why does the text object to giving uncontrolled expression to pity and grief in
tragedy?
A:
It is seen as playing a woman's part, implying weakness.
Q68:
What is the text's stance on emotions in general?
A:
It opposes all emotions, not just violent and anti-social ones.
Q69:
What does the text imply about the clarity of poets' truths?
A:
Their meaning is not always clear and often full of obscurities.
Q70:
According to the text, what happens when someone imitates a female part?
A:
They tend to grow effeminate.
Q71:
On what intellectual ground does Plato attack poetry?
A:
Poets lack knowledge of truth, imitating appearances instead.
Q72:
What do poets imitate according to Plato?
A:
The surface or superficial aspects of things.
Q73:
What is the world beyond the senses called?
A:
The world of ideal reality.
Q74:
How does Plato describe the phenomenal world?
A:
A mere illusion or shadow of the ideal world.
Q75:
How far removed from reality is poetry, according to Plato?
A:
Twice removed.
Q76:
What does Plato believe about poetry's ability to teach about essential
reality?
A:
It can tell us nothing.
Q77:
What kind of purpose does Plato think poetry cannot serve?
A:
Useful practical purposes.
Q78:
What does Plato's utilitarian viewpoint mean?
A:
He values things based on their practical use.
Q79:
What kind of poetry does Plato allow in an ideal state?
A:
Hymns to the gods and panegyrics on famous men.
Q80:
What misunderstanding did Plato's attack on poetry cause?
A:
Some accused him of denying the value of art.
Q81:
How did Sir Philip Sydney try to justify Plato's condemnation?
A:
By saying it was against the abuse of poetry, not poetry itself.
Q82:
What does the text clarify about Plato's view on dramatic and epic poetry?
A:
He rules them out due to inherent defects.
Q83:
What defense is offered regarding Plato's views?
A:
That they were conditioned by specific circumstances and educational
requirements.
Q84:
What is noted about Plato's views regarding tragedy and epic in "The
Republic"?
A:
He commends them if they impersonate the best human qualities.
Q85:
What human qualities does Plato commend in poetry?
A:
Courage, purity, temperance, etc.
Q86:
How does Plato define inspiration at one point?
A:
As an ecstatic power set working by the vision of the ideal.
Q87:
What is the effect of poetry being twice removed from reality?
A:
It cannot be a source of knowledge and truth.
Q88:
Why does Plato consider poets like painters?
A:
Because they imitate the superficial aspects of things.
Q89:
What's the main content of the
textbook?
A. Plato's review of poetry.
Q90:
What's the primary reason for Plato's
review of poetry?
A.
His political and social views.
Q91:
What does Plato believe is the relationship between poetry and social
corruption?
A.
Poetry can loose society and
politics.
Q92:
What's Plato's result to the problem of
social corruption?
A.
He believes that gospel is the true
remedy.
Q93:
How does Plato attempt to convert
his followership?
A.
He uses a clever advocate approach,
pressing certain aspects of poetry while ignoring others.
Q94.
What does Plato emphasize in his review
of poetry?
A
. The evil goods of reproduction and feelings.
Q95.
What does Plato ignore in his review of poetry?
A.
The positive aspects of poetry, similar
as its power to stimulate and elevate
mortal nature.
Q96.
What's Plato's overall thing in his attack on poetry?
A.
To promote gospel as the superior companion to right conduct.
Q97.
Why does Plato use special prayer in
his review of poetry?
A.
Because he's championing for gospel and wants to play down the appeal of poetry.
Q98.
What's the most important value of Plato's
review of poetry?
A.
It led to the development of a more
sophisticated understanding of art and its relationship to society.
Q99.
What does the textbook say about Plato's station towards poetry?
A.
It was inconsistent and occasionally
misleading.
Q100.
What's the main point of the
textbook?
A.
To explain Plato's review of poetry in the environment of his political and social
views.
Q101.
What's the tone of the textbook?
A.
It's objective and instructional.
Q102.
What's the target followership of
the textbook?
A.
Scholars and scholars of gospel and literature.
Q103.
What's the overall communication of
the textbook?
A.
Plato's review of poetry is a complex
issue with both strengths and sins.
Q104:
What emotions does Plato accept as proper to tragedy?
A:
Pity and fear.
Q105:
What term does Plato not apply to tragedy?
A:
Catharsis.
Q106:
How does Plato hint at the process of catharsis?
A:
By describing external agitation subduing internal agitation.
Q107:
What does the text say about Plato's contribution to the theory of the
ludicrous?
A:
He is said to have begun the theory of the ludicrous in antiquity.
Q108:
What does Plato suggest about the nature of true laughter?
A:
It results when we like the person exposed to ridicule.
Q109:
Why does Plato oppose excessive laughter?
A:
He believes it leads to violent reactions.
Q110:
What does Plato consider the function of poetry to be?
A:
Moulding human character and bringing out the best in the human soul.
Q111:
What are Plato's ideals of poetic art?
A:
Austerity, order, and restraint.
Q112:
What does the text say Plato is the first to enunciate?
A:
The classical ideals of artistic beauty.
Q113:
What value does Plato emphasize in art?
A:
Decorum.
Q114:
What does Plato condemn in contemporary drama?
A:
Incongruities of style, melody, and the mixture of tragic and comic effects.
Q115:
What does the text say poetry liberates the soul from?
A:
The bondage of custom and convention.
Q116:
What does Plato consider poetry to be besides inspiration?
A:
An art.
Q117:
What principles does Plato lay down for the practice of poetry as an art?
A:
Thoughtful selection and organization, knowledge of rules and techniques, and
study/exercise/learning.
Q118:
What does Plato emphasize as essential for success in all arts?
A:
Organic unity.
Q119:
What does Plato compare a work of art to?
A:
A living organism.
Q120:
What does artistic unity mean according to Plato?
A:
No part should be changed or omitted without injuring the whole work.
Q121:
What classification of poetry did Plato originate?
A:
Dithyrambic, epic, and dramatic, based on methods of narration.
Q122.
What's the main content of the
textbook?
A.
Aristotle's erudite review.
Q123.
What's the crucial specific of a good critic, according to
Aristotle?
A.
Courage, knowledge, and wisdom.
Q124.
What's the part of a critic according to
Aristotle?
A.
To lead the numerous, not to be led by
them.
Q125.
What does Aristotle believe determines
erudite norms?
A.
The critic's own judgment, not the tastes of the general public.
Q126.
What's Aristotle's topmost achievement
in erudite review?
A.
His grasp of the first principles and fundamentals of literature.
Q127.
What did Aristotle fete the need for
in erudite review?
A.
A sense of art and organic concinnity.
Q128.
What's the mysterious power of poetry, according to Aristotle?
A.
Its vitality and its power of communicating
trueness.
Q129.
How does Aristotle view the part of
poetry in shaping character?
A.
He believes poetry can fester character,
but not through moral instruction.
Q130.
What does Aristotle say about the effect of poetry on the soul?
A.
It opens men's hearts to what's good and beautiful.
Q131.
What's Aristotle's view on the relationship between literature and gospel?
A.
He believes that literature can be a means of philosophical inquiry.
Q132.
What's the significance of Aristotle's
erudite review?
A.
It laid the foundation for
ultramodern erudite review and continues to be influential moment.
Q133.
What are some of the crucial generalities that Aristotle introduced in
his erudite review?
A.
Mimesis( reproduction), catharsis(
emotional sanctification), and the
six rudiments of tragedy( plot,
character, diction, study, spectacle,
and song).
Q134.
What's the difference between Aristotle's and Plato's views on poetry?
A.
Aristotle believed that poetry could be a source of moral and intellectual sapience, while Plato saw it as a
dangerous reproduction of reality.
Q135.
What's the significance of Aristotle's
emphasis on the organic concinnity of
art?
A.
It helped to shift the focus of
erudite review from the
individual corridor of a work to the
overall effect of the whole.
Q136.
What's the lasting heritage of
Aristotle's erudite review?
A.
His ideas continue to be batted and applied by erudite critics and proponents moment.